U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, GA, 2014).
Merianos, A. L., Jandarov, R. A., Choi, K. & Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. Tobacco smoke exposure disparities persist in U.S. children: NHANES 1999–2014. Prev. Med. 123, 138–142 (2019).
Google Scholar
Tsai, J. et al. Exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmokers-United States, 1988–2014. MMWR 67, 1342–1346 (2018).
Google Scholar
Farber, H., Walley, S., Groner, J., Nelson, K. & Section on Tobacco Control. Clinical practice policy to protect children from tobacco, nicotine, and tobacco smoke. Pediatrics 136, 1008–1017 (2015).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, GA, 2006).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: What It Means to You (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, Atlanta, GA, 2010).
Bernstein, S. L. et al. Tobacco control interventions in the emergency department: a joint statement of emergency medicine organizations. Ann. Emerg. Med. 48, e417–e426 (2006).
Google Scholar
Rui, P., Kang, K. & Ashman, J. National hospital ambulatory medical care survey: 2016 emergency department summary tables. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhamcs/web_tables/2016_ed_web_tables.pdf (2015).
Rhodes, K. V., Gordon, J. A., Lowe, R. A. & The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Public Health and Education Task Force Preventive Services Work Group. Preventive care in the emergency department, part I: clinical preventive services—are they relevant to emergency medicine? Acad. Emerg. Med. 7, 1036–1041 (2000).
Yao, T., Sung, H., Wang, Y., Lightwood, J. & Max, W. Healthcare costs of secondhand smoke exposure at home for U.S. children. Am. J. Prev. Med. 56, 281–287 (2019).
Google Scholar
Merianos, A. L., Jandarov, R. A. & Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. Secondhand smoke exposure and pediatric healthcare visits and hospitalizations. Am. J. Prev. Med. 53, 441–448 (2017).
Google Scholar
Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Stone, L. & Gordon, J. S. Pediatric emergency department is a promising venue for adult tobacco cessation interventions. Nicotine Tob. Res. 15, 1792–1793 (2013).
Google Scholar
Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Khoury, J. C., Ho, M., Stone, L. & Gordon, J. S. A smoking cessation intervention for low-income smokers in the ED. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 33, 1056–1061 (2015).
Google Scholar
Wang, T. W. et al. Tobacco product use among adults-United States, 2017. MMWR 67, 1225–1232 (2018).
Google Scholar
Wilson, K. M., Pier, J. C., Wesgate, S. C., Cohen, J. M. & Blumkin, A. K. Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and severity of influenza in hospitalized children. J. Pediatr. 162, 16–21 (2013).
Google Scholar
Ahn, A. et al. Secondhand smoke exposure and illness severity among children hospitalized with pneumonia. J. Pediatr. 167, 869–874.e1 (2015).
Google Scholar
Andrews, A. L. et al. Is secondhand smoke exposure associated with increased exacerbation severity among children hospitalized for asthma? Hosp. Pediatr. 5, 249–255 (2015).
Google Scholar
Mannino, D. M., Homa, D. M. & Redd, S. C. Involuntary smoking and asthma severity in children: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Chest 122, 409–415 (2002).
Google Scholar
Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. et al. Healthy families: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment intervention for caregivers to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among pediatric emergency department patients. BMC Public Health 17, 374–387 (2017).
Google Scholar
Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Dexheimer, J. W., Khoury, J. C., Miller, J. A. & Gordon, J. S. Development and testing of a computerized decision support system to facilitate brief tobacco cessation treatment in the pediatric emergency department: proposal and protocol. JMIR Res. Protoc. 5, e64 (2016).
Google Scholar
Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Dexheimer, J. W. & Gordon, J. S. Development of a tobacco cessation clinical decision support system for pediatric emergency nurses. Comput. Inf. Nurs. 34, 613–614 (2016).
Google Scholar
Murphy, S. E. Nicotine metabolism and smoking: ethnic differences in the role of P450 2A6. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 30, 410–419 (2017).
Google Scholar
Casey, J. A., Schwartz, B. S., Stewart, W. F. & Adler, N. E. Using electronic health records for population health research: a review of methods and applications. Annu. Rev. Public Health 37, 61–81 (2016).
Google Scholar
Merianos, A. L., Dixon, C. A. & Mahabee-Gittens, E. M. Secondhand smoke exposure, illness severity, and resource utilization in pediatric emergency department patients with respiratory illnesses. J. Asthma 54, 798–806 (2017).
Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Oxygen Therapy for Children: A Manual for Health Workers (World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016). https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204584/9789241549554_eng.pdf?sequence=1.
Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Merianos, A. L., Hoh, E., Quintana, P. J. & Matt, G. E. Nicotine on children’s hands: limited protection of smoking bans and initial clinical findings. Tob. Use Insights 12, 1179173X18823493 (2019).
Google Scholar
Mannino, D. M., Moorman, J. E., Kingsley, B., Rose, D. & Repace, J. Health effects related to environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 155, 36–41 (2001).
Google Scholar
Sevcikova, L. et al. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in relation to behavioral, emotional, social and health indicators of Slovak school children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15, E1374 (2018).
Google Scholar
Tutka, P., Wielosz, M. & Zatonski, W. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and children health. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 15, 325–335 (2002).
Google Scholar
McMillen, R. et al. Changes and factors associated with tobacco counseling: results from the AAP periodic survey. Acad. Pediatr. 17, 504–514 (2017).
Google Scholar
Gibbs, K., Collaco, J. M. & McGrath-Morrow, S. A. Impact of tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure on lung development. Chest 149, 552–561 (2016).
Google Scholar
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007).
Price, D., Bjermer, L., Bergin, D. A. & Martinez, R. Asthma referrals: a key component of asthma management that needs to be addressed. J. Asthma Allergy 10, 209–223 (2017).
Google Scholar
Bacharier, L. B. et al. Diagnosis and treatment of asthma in childhood: a PRACTALL consensus report: diagnosis and treatment of asthma in childhood. Allergy 63, 5–34 (2008).
Google Scholar
Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/GINA-2020-full-report_-final-_wms.pdf (2020).
Bodenheimer, T. Coordinating care—a perilous journey through the health care system. N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 1064–1071 (2008).
Google Scholar
Winickoff, J. P., Hillis, V. J., Palfrey, J. S., Perrin, J. M. & Rigotti, N. A. A smoking cessation intervention for parents of children who are hospitalized for respiratory illness: the stop tobacco outreach program. Pediatrics 111, 140–145 (2003).
Google Scholar
Jenssen, B. P. & Wilson, K. M. Tobacco control and treatment for the pediatric clinician: practice, policy, and research updates. Acad. Pediatr. 17, 233–242 (2017).
Google Scholar
Mahabee-Gittens, E. M., Merianos, A. L. & Matt, G. E. Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children’s hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure. Tob. Control 27, 217–219 (2017).
Google Scholar
Lemhoefer, C. et al. Emergency department-initiated tobacco control: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prev. Chronic Dis. 14, E89 (2017).
Google Scholar
